Equipment quality issues and losses: a precise calculation method

China’s strategy for "quality improvement and efficiency enhancement" continues to progress, positioning equipment quality issues as a significant constraint on the high-quality development of research and production institutions. In response to challenges such as imprecise quality loss estimations, fragmented evaluation approaches, and limited analytical methods, a refined quality loss calculation model has been developed to enable systematic assessment and to provide robust data support for the establishment of a quality-based incentive and penalty mechanism. The findings indicate that the proposed model allows for more accurate calculation of quality losses, effectively preventing underestimation or omission. Additionally, the model offers targeted support for the implementation of quality improvement strategies. This study contributes to the advancement of equipment quality management, enhances the core competitiveness of enterprises, and promotes the high-quality development of research and production institutions.