CFRP-based main bearing frame design and load bearing performance analysis equipment security modality study

To meet the optimization demands of equipment protection, the design and load-bearing performance of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) main frame featuring multi-dovetail joints is systematically examined, and an improved protection strategy is proposed through structural performance enhancement. A finite element progressive damage model is established for a box-type load-bearing structure to evaluate the comparative effects of various layup configurations (orthogonal, diagonal, and balanced symmetric) and carbon fiber types (T300, T700, M46) on structural strength, stiffness, and impact resistance under quasi-static compression and low-speed impact conditions. The findings indicate that a ±20° diagonal layup configuration achieves optimal peak load capacity and stiffness, while the orthogonal layup provides superior stability. High-modulus carbon fibers, such as M46, markedly enhance deformation resistance at connection nodes and reduce stress concentration in the tenon regions. Optimization of the layup angle (not exceeding 20°) and the use of materials with a modulus of elasticity equal to or greater than 436 GPa significantly improve the load-bearing efficiency of dovetail joint structures and decrease maintenance requirements arising from connection failures. This study offers theoretical guidance for the lightweight design and modular assembly of advanced equipment, contributing to the advancement of efficient and sustainable protection systems through reduced manufacturing costs and enhanced structural reliability.