Characteristics and Outcomes of Acute Leukemias in Adolescents and Young Adults with Down Syndrome: A Single-Center Experience

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Acute leukemias in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with Down Syndrome (DS) are understudied. <b>Methods</b>: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study. Medical records for pediatric DS (<i>n</i> = 41) and AYA-DS (<i>n</i> = 7) treated with a pediatric chemotherapy regimen for acute leukemia were evaluated. <b>Results</b>: Two-year event-free survival (EFS) in AYA DS acute leukemia patients was lower than that in their pediatric DS counterparts (28.6% (Confidence Interval (CI) 4.1, 61.2) vs. 84.9% (CI 69.5, 92.9); <i>p</i> = 0.002). <b>Conclusions</b>: Additional research is needed to improve outcomes in AYA DS leukemia.