Bromhexine hydrochloride enhances the therapeutic efficacy of tiamulin against experimental Staphylococcus aureus infection in dogs: targeting bacterial virulence, boosting antioxidant defense, and improving histopathology

The combination therapy of tiamulin and bromhexine exhibited superior protective effects against <i>S. aureus</i> infection compared to monotherapy or untreated infection. These benefits appear to be mediated through synergistic antimicrobial, anti-virulence, and antioxidant mechanisms. The findings support the potential of this therapeutic approach for managing drug-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> infections and justify further clinical investigation.