Effect of using artificial intelligence chatbot about electronic fetal monitoring on maternity nursing students’ performance

Abstract Background The integration of artificial intelligence chatbots in education has led to numerous possibilities, providing a focused, personalized, and result-oriented learning environment that enhances students’ cognitive and interpretive skills. Electronic fetal monitoring-related tasks require professional knowledge and clinical insight; with the aim of supporting students in making accurate decisions when dealing with real cases, it is necessary to engage them in authentic problem-solving contexts. Aim of the study This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) chatbot in improving maternity nursing students’ theoretical knowledge, practical interpretation skills, confidence in clinical reasoning, academic motivation, and satisfaction with feedback. Methods A quasi-experimental design was conducted among 84 undergraduate nursing students at the Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt, allocated into an intervention group (n = 42), received artificial intelligence chatbot–based education, and a control group (n = 42), received traditional teaching method. Data were collected using: (1) a self-administered questionnaire to assess students’ knowledge, interpretation skills, and clinical reasoning confidence regarding electronic fetal monitoring; (2) the Academic Motivation Scale; and (3) a students’ satisfaction survey. Data were analyzed with SPSS v22.0. Normality and homogeneity of variance were assessed with the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene’s tests, respectively. Continuous variables were reported as means and standard deviations, and categorical variables as numbers and percentages. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and paired t-tests were employed for group comparisons as appropriate. Effect sizes were estimated using Cohen’s d and Eta squared (η²). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Compared with the control group, the current research revealed statistically significant improvements in students’ knowledge, practical interpretation, and critical reasoning regarding fetal monitoring, as well as academic motivation among students who received chatbot education at the post and follow-up tests (p < 0.001). In addition, 90.5% of the participants in the intervention group reported high levels of satisfaction with the chatbot. Conclusion Chatbot education significantly improved students’ theoretical knowledge, practical interpretation skills, confidence in clinical reasoning, and academic motivation, with sustained gains observed at both the post and follow-up tests. Additionally, students reported high satisfaction with the feedback provided by the chatbot. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT07051343, registered on June 6, 2025.