Mapping Scholarly Identities: A Descriptive Study of Spanish <scp>ORCID</scp> Records at the Spanish National Research Council ( <scp>CSIC</scp> )

ABSTRACT This study analyses the adoption and use of ORCID compared to other researcher profile systems across research domains and job categories at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). The sample consists of authors affiliated with CSIC who published at least one publication between 2013 and 2022. The results reveal that the adoption rate of ORCID was higher than that for public Google Scholar profiles. The ORCID profiles show a gender gap, with men registering more profiles and completing more fields. Permanent researchers adopted ORCID to a greater extent and were among those who completed the most sections. Natural Resources and Social Science had the highest profile number, while Humanities displayed the most complete profiles. In addition, a rapid increase in ORCID registrations was observed in the early years following its implementation, followed by a gradual decline, while ORCID profile updates remained consistent over time. We hope our findings could inform researchers and institutional strategies to enhance the use of persistent identifiers, strengthen data completeness, and address the gender gap in ORCID adoption, ultimately supporting the CSIC's commitment to open science and research integrity.