Development of a TCP/IP-Based Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Platform for Virtual Train Operation and Energy Storage System Integration

This study develops a TCP/IP-based Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation (HILS) platform for real-time modeling and analysis of railway power systems. A Raspberry Pi was used as an interface device to communicate with OPAL-RT, enabling a real-time simulation environment capable of reproducing virtual train operation scenarios. The platform supports multi-train operation and was validated using the Incheon Line 2 as a case study. By integrating an Energy Storage System (ESS), the platform demonstrated improved catenary voltage stability and effective reduction of voltage fluctuations. These results confirm the applicability of the proposed platform for real-time hardware-based railway system verification.