Impacts of the Superstructure on the Seismic Responses of Piled Raft Foundations: A <scp>3D</scp> Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis Using Kinematic Hardening Constitutive Model

ABSTRACT Piled raft foundations play a critical role in ensuring the structural integrity of buildings, particularly in seismic regions where lateral and dynamic loads pose significant challenges. The effects of kinematic and inertial interactions on the dynamic responses of soil‐pile‐structure are still not fully understood and are not considered in the analysis of the foundation and superstructure. In this research, the seismic performance of piled raft foundations with and without superstructure resting on soft and stiff clayey soil has been investigated using a three‐dimensional finite difference model. The study has been carried out by analyzing the seismic response of the low‐, mid‐, and high‐rise buildings. This study considers the nonlinear hysteresis behavior of the clayey soil through the implementation of the advanced nonlinear kinematic hardening constitutive model. The results show that soil properties, pile geometries, loading frequency, and the number of superstructure stories are closely related parameters that should be investigated through a parametric study to understand the seismic behavior of the soil‐pile‐structure systems. This study's primary contribution is a systematic analysis that clarifies how the interplay of these parameters dictates the seismic response across low‐, mid‐, and high‐rise structures, offering insights into when inertial or kinematic interactions dominate.