Probing crystal axis orientation of birefringent materials via polarized microspectroscopy and anisotropic optical modeling

Abstract Due to the intriguing properties of van der Waals materials with in-plane birefringence, the field of low-dimensional polarization dependent devices emerged with manifold applications in optics and (opto-)electronics. For such devices, knowledge about their in-plane crystallographic orientation is essential. We report a fast and non-destructive method for probing the crystal alignment of van der Waals materials with lateral dimensions on the microscale by linearly polarized reflectance microspectroscopy. Based on a standard microscope setup combined with a spectrometer and a polarizer we demonstrate the feasibility for magnifying optics with high numerical aperture. Unlike alternative methods, our approach does not require measuring a sinusoidal signal over a full 360 ∘ range. Instead, we significantly reduce the experimental effort by evaluating the individual polarized reflectance spectra within a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> -transfer matrix method framework. The applicability is demonstrated for the biaxial materials MoO 3 , ReS 2 , and black phosphorus with varying sample thicknesses. We determine the orientation of their crystal axes within a 5 ∘ error margin, whereby the reflectance spectra only need to be obtained at 4 different polarization directions.