The Impact of Body Mass Index on the Outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder, accounting for approximately 80%–95% of anovulatory infertility cases. Patients with PCOS face various challenges during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET), including ovarian hyperstimulation, low fertilization rates, and an increased risk of miscarriage. The clinical manifestations of PCOS are diverse, with common symptoms including menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Notably, approximately 50%–75% of patients with PCOS are affected by obesity, which not only exacerbates the clinical manifestations of the disease but also potentially affects reproductive outcomes. Body mass index (BMI) significantly influences IVF-ET outcomes in patients with PCOS by affecting ovarian function, oocyte quality, and endometrial receptivity. This review aims to explore the impact and underlying mechanisms of BMI on IVF treatment outcomes in patients with PCOS and emphasize the importance of weight management, with the goal of providing evidence-based support for optimizing assisted reproductive strategies, thereby improving pregnancy rates and reducing the risk of complications.