Strategic narrative alignment: Arabic-language coverage of 2023 Israel's war on Gaza on Al Jazeera, DW Arabic, and Al Hurra

This study examines how three prominent state-funded Arabic media outlets—Al Jazeera (Qatar), DW Arabic (Germany), and Al Hurra (USA)—framed Israel's war on Gaza. Using a mixed-methods approach that integrates quantitative content and qualitative frame analysis, the research identifies distinct framing patterns reflecting sponsor state interests: Al Jazeera emphasizes humanitarian advocacy, while DW Arabic and Al Hurra prioritize security orientations. The study introduces “strategic narrative alignment” to describe how these outlets balance journalistic norms with diplomatic goals. Findings suggest state-funded media function as sophisticated public diplomacy instruments that navigate tensions between credibility and state interests, rather than acting as mere propaganda. This research contributes to understanding media power, framing dynamics, and the evolving role of state-funded media in international conflicts.