A New Convective Initiation Definition and Its Characteristics in Central and Eastern China Based on Fengyun-4A Satellite Cloud Imagery

With the upgrading of geostationary meteorological satellites, their capabilities in Convective Initiation (CI) identification have been enhanced. To improve the applicability of the ARGI-based CI algorithm in central and eastern China, this study uses Fengyun-4A data, integrates radar and precipitation data to construct a True_CI dataset, and defines False_CI events (satellite-identified events without radar or precipitation signals) for comparative analysis. The results show that True_CI events tend to have longer durations, larger cloud cluster areas, and lower central cloud-top brightness temperature (BT) during development. They exhibit distinct features such as reduced differences between water vapor and infrared channels, increased cloud optical thickness, and ice-phase transformation 30 min before CI occurrence—features absent in most False_CI events. Based on these comparative findings, a new satellite-based CI definition is proposed with a set of reference thresholds, which should be adjusted for different latitudes and seasons. The evaluation of the Defined_CI events (defined using the CI definition) via True_CI events indicates that the CI definition on satellite cloud imagery proposed in this study is reliable, and suggests that further research on the pre-CI environmental conditions of weak convection is needed. Supported by hyperspectral data or numerical model products, such research will help clarify which cloud clusters are prone to developing into convective weather.