Optimization Study on the Pyrolysis Process of Moso Bamboo Wastes in a Fluidized Bed Pyrolyzer Based on Response Surface Methodology

Against the backdrop of the global “Bamboo as a Substitute for Plastic” initiative, China’s bamboo processing industry has expanded rapidly, generating large amounts of residues annually. To achieve high-value utilization of this biomass, this study optimized the fluidized bed pyrolysis process using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Bamboo residue served as the feedstock, with particle size (8–28 mesh), pyrolysis temperature (400–700 °C), and N2 flow rate (25–30 L/min) as independent variables. The yields of pyrolytic char, pyrolytic oil, and total product were targeted for optimization. Interaction effects between each pair of variables—such as particle size and temperature, etc.—were systematically evaluated, revealing significant coupling influences on product distribution. Optimal conditions were identified as 10–12 mesh, 577 °C, and 27.5 L/min N2 flow, yielding 28.65% char and 43.50% bio-oil, with a total yield of 72.15%, consistent with RSM predictions. This study confirms the effectiveness of RSM in optimizing bamboo pyrolysis and offers valuable insights for industrial-scale valorization of bamboo residues into biochar and bio-oil.