Dynamic Freight Order Allocation Optimization Under Carbon Tax Constraints in SAGIN: Multi‐Objective Optimization and Sustainability Assessment

ABSTRACT With the advancement of low‐carbon economy and the emergence of Space‐Air‐Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN), carbon tax policies have become essential to driving sustainable optimization in freight industries operating within heterogeneous and dynamic network environments. This paper proposes a dynamic freight order allocation optimization model suitable for SAGIN scenarios under carbon tax constraints, simultaneously addressing multiple objectives including customer satisfaction, operational costs, resource utilization, and carbon emissions control. First, the model incorporates carbon tax policies to dynamically adjust emission costs and transportation efficiency in response to real‐time data transmitted via SAGIN. Second, it captures the demand fluctuations characteristic of actual freight operations through dynamic and random settings enabled by SAGIN's ubiquitous connectivity. To comprehensively evaluate freight platforms' sustainability in SAGIN contexts, multiple sustainability assessment indicators are developed, including carbon emissions, empty running distance, overall revenue, and transportation efficiency. Experimental results confirm that the model significantly improves operational efficiency, reduces costs, and minimizes emissions under carbon tax constraints, providing robust decision‐making support for achieving low‐carbon targets while maintaining economic development and operational effectiveness.