Mechanisms of locomotor asymmetry influence on tempo-rhythmic structure in speed skating and ways to minimize it

The article addresses the problem of locomotor asymmetry as a key factor determining the effectiveness of the tempo-rhythmic structure of competitive activity in speed skating. It examines the complex mechanisms through which asymmetry negatively affects the tempo-rhythmic structure, including biomechanical, energetic, and neuromuscular components. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate the mechanisms of the negative impact of locomotor asymmetry on the tempo-rhythmic structure of running in speed skating, and to develop and experimentally test the effectiveness of a comprehensive method for its correction. Research methods and organization. Systemic and biomechanical analysis, a review of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics were applied. The pedagogical experiment was conducted with the participation of qualified speed skaters over a period of 12 weeks. Research results and conclusions. Key mechanisms of the negative impact of locomotor asymmetry on the tempo-rhythmic structure of speed skaters' running have been identified, among which the main ones are biomechanical, energetic, and neuromuscular. The need for targeted correction of contralateral locomotor asymmetry has been substantiated by establishing a close, statistically significant relationship between the reduction of its indicators and the improvement of athletic performance. At the end of the pedagogical experiment, a statistically significant improvement in the key parameters of the tempo-rhythmic structure was recorded: a decrease in the step length asymmetry index, an increase in pace stability, and a reduction in the time to cover a 500 m distance. The obtained data indicate the high effectiveness of the developed complex of methods for correcting asymmetry and confirm the advisability of its implementation in the training process of qualified speed skaters.