Are human‐altered landscapes reshaping carnivore niche spaces in the Trans‐Himalaya?

Understanding carnivore interactions under growing human pressures is crucial for conservation. We examined spatial and temporal niche structuring among snow leopards Panthera uncia , Himalayan wolves Canis lupus chanco , and red foxes Vulpes vulpes ; while also incorporating free‐ranging dogs Canis lupus familiaris as a human‐subsidized mesopredator whose presence reflects and amplifies anthropogenic pressures. Using camera‐trap data from the Trans‐Himalayan landscape of Spiti, we applied multi‐species occupancy, spatial co‐occurrence, and diel activity analyses to study how human influence and interspecific interactions shape carnivore coexistence. Spatial analyses revealed positive associations between red fox occupancy and other carnivores, influenced by elevation, prey availability, and distance to human settlements, likely reflecting facilitation via scavenging opportunities. In contrast, interactions among dogs, wolves, and snow leopards were more variable, with both positive and negative spatial associations depending on environmental covariates. Temporal partitioning was a key strategy for both red foxes and snow leopards to avoid dogs; however, foxes showed no significant diel shifts when co‐occurring with snow leopards, indicating limited temporal avoidance. Snow leopards increased activity but delayed peaks with greater human footprint, likely exploiting livestock or prey drawn to such areas. Red foxes, by contrast, delayed peaks but maintained activity, and dogs maintained stable activity patterns regardless of human footprint. Together, these results demonstrate that carnivores actively structure their niches in response to both human pressures and interspecific interactions, facilitating coexistence despite overlap in resource use. Free‐ranging dogs represent an emerging conservation concern in the region, underscoring the need for their management and reducing human disturbance in critical areas. Integrating insights from multiple niche axes can inform more holistic and effective strategies to promote carnivore coexistence in human‐influenced mountain landscapes.