Effects of Fermented Chinese Jujube With <i>Cordyceps kyushuensis</i> on Liver Metabolomics in Alcoholic Liver Injury in C57BL/6 Mice

Metabolomics allows for a deeper understanding of the metabolic foundations of health and disease and insights into biological processes. Our research used fermentation extracts of Chinese jujube fruit, mediated by Cordyceps kyushuensis (SSFCK), to explore hepatic metabolomic profiling and address alcohol liver injury (ALI) in mice. Through untargeted metabolomics analysis, we identified liver metabolites, metabolic pathways, and pathological processes within liver tissues. Histopathological examinations demonstrated that SSFCK mitigates the symptoms of ALI in mice, resulting in significant reductions in inflammation and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. The untargeted metabolic analysis revealed 536 distinct metabolites that were either upregulated or downregulated in the livers of the EtOH and High CK groups. Metabolic pathway analysis underscored important changes via SSFCK intervention, as the D‐arginine and D‐ornithine metabolism and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathways emerged as particularly critical, providing valuable insights into liver function as central to nitrogen balance, detoxification, and oxidative stress response key mechanisms. In conclusion, we aimed this study to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of fermented Chinese jujube with C. kyushuensis in an ALI mouse model, using untargeted liver metabolomics to identify key metabolic alterations and elucidate potential mechanisms of action.