Challenges Faced by Jordan's Search and Rescue Team in the 2023 Turkey Earthquake; A Qualitative Study from Readiness to Response.

The JSAR experience highlights that technical readiness alone is insufficient for effective disaster response. Findings from this study underscore significant gaps in logistics, coordination, and environmental adaptation. These gaps can be addressed through improved pre-deployment coordination, context-specific resource planning, and better collaboration mechanisms between host countries and international teams, which would be crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of international search and rescue operations. Host governments, International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) stakeholders, and emergency management bodies can build on these lessons to better integrate specialized teams, reduce procedural delays, and enhance global disaster response systems.