Profile of Patients with Primary and Secondary Chronic Rhinosinusitis Treated at a Specialized Outpatient Clinic in Brazil

Objective: To describe the sociodemographic profile and prevalence of different phenotypes of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) treated at a specialized outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted on patients treated at a clinic in Brazil. The following were evaluated: sex, age, age at symptom onset, primary CRS phenotype, etiology of secondary CRS, and severity of symptoms. Results: A total of 342 patients were included, of whom 45.61% were men and 8.24% had secondary CRS. The median age of all patients with CRS was 61 years. Nasal polyps were present in 86.22% of patients. The median age at symptom onset was 41 years. The prevalence of primary CRS phenotypes was chronic eosinophilic rhinosinusitis (eCRS) (75%), anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease, which was considered a subgroup of eCRS (19.40%), chronic non-eosinophilic rhinosinusitis (18.66%), central compartment atopic disease (4.1%), and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (2.24%). The most prevalent diagnoses of secondary CRS were allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) (27.59%), immunodeficiencies (20.69%), and vasculitis (13.79%). Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with CRS are predominantly women over 60 years of age who began experiencing nasal symptoms in their fifth decade of life. Most patients have CRS with nasal polyps, primary CRS, and a predominant eCRS phenotype. Secondary CRS accounted for 8.4% of cases, and the most prevalent diagnoses of secondary CRS were Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis, immunodeficiencies, and vasculitis.