Research on the Supply–Demand Evaluation and Configuration Optimization of Urban Residential Public Charging Facilities Based on Collaborative Service Networks: A Case Study of Hongshan District, Wuhan

The rapid growth of electric vehicles has intensified the spatial mismatch between the layout of charging infrastructure and user demand, resulting in a structural contradiction in which “local oversupply” and “local shortages” coexist. To systematically diagnose and optimize this issue, this study develops an innovative analytical framework for a “residential area–charging infrastructure” collaborative service network and conducts an empirical analysis using Hongshan District in Wuhan as a case study. The framework integrates actual facility utilization data, complex network analysis, and spatial clustering methods. The findings reveal that the collaborative service network in the study area is overall sparse, exhibiting a distinct “core–periphery” structure, with noticeable patterns of resource concentration and isolation. Residential areas can be categorized into three types based on their supply–demand characteristics: efficient-collaborative, transitional-mixed, and low-demand peripheral areas. The predominance of the transitional-mixed type indicates that most areas are currently in an unstable state of supply–demand adjustment. A key systemic mechanism identified in this study is the significant “collaborative reinforcement effect” between facility utilization rates and network centrality. Building on these insights, we propose a hierarchical optimization strategy consisting of “overall network optimization—local cluster coordination—individual facility enhancement.” This ultimately forms a comprehensive decision-support framework for “assessment—diagnosis—optimization,” providing scientific evidence and new solutions for the precise planning and efficient operation of urban charging infrastructure.