Panoramic Research on Sesbania cannabina: Germplasm Resources, Phytochemical Constituents, Biological Activities, and Applications

<i>Sesbania cannabina</i> (Retz.) Poir. (<i>S. cannabina</i>), as an important leguminous plant in the genus <i>Sesbania</i>, plays a crucial role in agricultural sustainability and ecological restoration. This review systematically summarizes its current research status and conducts a comprehensive analysis of germplasm resources, chemical composition, biological activity and multi-field applications. Regarding germplasm resources, this article reviews the germplasm resource characteristics of <i>Sesbania</i>, which is widely distributed and has strong stress resistance, as well as its huge application potential in agriculture, ecological restoration and other fields. At the chemical composition level, this study reviews the chemical composition of various parts of <i>Sesbania</i>, with a focus on analyzing the dynamic change patterns of its rich secondary metabolites, and summarizes the related extraction, separation, and analytical identification methods. Regarding medicinal value and bioactivity, this article reviews the traditional medicinal value of <i>S. cannabina</i>, with a focus on exploring the mechanism of action and safety of its modern pharmacological activities such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and immunomodulation. In conclusion, the comprehensive value of <i>S. cannabina</i> is remarkable. Future research should delve deeply into its resources, clarify the active mechanism and develop high-value applications to fully tap into its multi-functional potential.