MicroRNA‐145 in Breast Cancer: Unravelling Its Multifaceted Regulatory Roles and Translational Perspectives

ABSTRACT MicroRNAs (miRNAs), are essential mediators of gene expression, playing a complex dual role in the regulation of carcinogenesis and the progression of malignancies. Notably, the differential expression of miR‐145 between normal and malignant contexts, observed in both cell line models and clinical samples, highlights its potential role as a tumor‐suppressor. Nevertheless, challenges in the clinical translation of miR‐145 cancer therapy, including exogenous miR‐145 delivery, endogenous miR‐145 expression, and its off‐target effects, remain inadequately addressed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the functional roles of miR‐145 in breast cancer progression, with particular emphasis on its regulatory effects on cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). We further explore its upstream modulators and downstream targets, and highlight the mechanistic diversity underlying its context‐specific functions. Finally, we discuss the current advances and limitations of miR‐145 delivery platforms, focusing on preclinical strategies for improving specificity and therapeutic efficacy. By consolidating the dualistic roles and therapeutic implications of miR‐145, this review provides insights to guide future translational efforts and precision miRNA‐based therapy development.