POLITICAL AND DYNASTIC RELATIONS BETWEEN KHAN TOKHTAMYSH, HIS DESCENDANTS, AND RULERS OF MOGHULISTAN

The study aims to examine the political and dynastic relations between Khan Tokhtamysh and the rulers of Moghulistan within the context of the Chinggisid state transformation in the late 14th–15th centuries. The research novelty lies in redefining the chronology and structure of Tokhtamysh–Moghulistan interactions, identifying the 1398 joint embassy of Edigü, Timur-Qutlug, and Khizr Khwaja to Timur as a turning point in Central Asian diplomacy. The objectives include analyzing the anti-Timurid coalition, dynastic alliances, and the role of Tukay-Timurids in steppe politics. Methodologically, the work applies comparative-historical and source-critical approaches, combined with textual analysis of Persian and Arabic chronicles. The results demonstrate that Moghulistan acted as an intermediary between nomadic and sedentary polities, providing refuge and legitimacy for Tokhtamysh’s descendants. These interactions contributed to the emergence of the Kazakh Khanate and ensured continuity of the Golden Horde’s political tradition in post-Chinggisid Eurasia.