Stage-specific risks of mortality and renal outcomes in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: findings from a nationwide Japanese cohort
CKM staging stratifies risk in the general population. No significant increase in risk was observed until CKM stage 2, and these findings underscore the progressive, cumulative nature of CKM syndrome. Metabolic dysfunction plays a crucial role in progression, stage 3 marks a pivotal inflection point for renal deterioration, and stage 4a identifies individuals at the greatest mortality risk. Early interventions targeting metabolic dysfunction may help prevent progression to advanced CKM stages and improve long-term outcomes.
Authors
- Kenta Fujimoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4258-3692)
- Kazuhiko Tsuruya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8390-2928)
- Tsuneo Konta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7681-6469)
- Masao Kikuchi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4031-9847)
- Masato Kasahara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1833-9075)
- Michikazu Nakai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2240-1510)
- Toshiki Moriyama (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9525-4999)
- Koichi Kaikita (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-8056)
- Kunihiro Yamagata (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-0410)
- Yugo Shibagaki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-205X)
- Kunitoshi Iseki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-0216)
- Shouichi Fujimoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2854-8169)
- Koichi Asahi
- Masahide Kondo
- Tsuyoshi Watanabe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-6060)
- Ichiei Narita
Institutions
- University of Miyazaki (JP)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Clinical and Experimental Nephrology
- Published
- 2025-12-17
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-025-02800-x
- Primary Topic
- Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
- University of Miyazaki