Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Potential of Urtica dioica : A Comprehensive Review

Urtica dioica, commonly known as stinging nettle, is a perennial herbaceous plant with a rich history of traditional medicinal use. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of its phytochemical composition, pharmacological effects, and potential therapeutic applications. A thorough analysis of existing literature reveals that Urtica dioica possesses a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, and lignans, which contribute to its extensive pharmacological profile. The plant's medicinal properties include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and cardioprotective activities, among others. Scientific studies have validated many of its traditional uses and highlighted its potential in managing conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, liver disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. With its therapeutic versatility and low toxicity, Urtica dioica represents a promising candidate for further research and development in natural medicine. Keywords: Urtica dioica Stinging nettle; Nettle leaf; Bichu butti; Sisnu