Capacity Configuration of Offshore Wind-Hydrogen System with Coupled AWE/PEM for Improving Power Resilience under Extreme Weather

Abstract Global offshore wind faces rising threats from frequent extreme typhoons and prolonged low wind spells that erode power system resilience. To counter these challenges, we present an offshore wind hydrogen hybrid that integrates alkaline water electrolyzers and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, hydrogen tanks and fuel cells, and we develop a mixed integer linear programming life cycle cost model driven by hourly wind data for a continuous typhoon to calm extreme scenario. Compared with the traditional alkaline water electrolyzers plus battery scenario, the proposed hybrid electrolyzers plus hydrogen storage cuts extreme weather loss of load probability from 40.4% to 17.5%, a reduction of 60%, halves annual expected energy not served to 943 MWh, reduces levelized cost of hydrogen by 22% from 4.64$ to 3.59$/kg, adds 27 million dollars in life cycle revenue and shortens payback by 3.6 years, delivering an economical, resilient and readily replicable hydrogen solution for high penetration offshore wind grids under extreme weather. These findings underscore the system's potential to improve both economic profitability and risk resistance, offering a promising solution for enhancing the resilience and economic performance of offshore wind-hydrogen systems.