Synergistic Effects of Near‐Infrared Photobiomodulation and Allogeneic Fibrin Serum on Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Effective osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) is critical for regenerative applications. This study examined the synergistic effects of 810 nm near-infrared photobiomodulation (PBM) and allogeneic fibrin serum (AFS) on hDPSC differentiation and tissue regeneration. Cells cultured with 10% fetal bovine serum or 5% AFS were irradiated with PBM at 71 or 142 mJ/cm². Osteogenesis was assessed by qRT-PCR, Alizarin Red S staining with semi-quantitative image analysis, and histological evaluation of transplanted constructs in immunocompromised mice. PBM alone transiently suppressed early osteogenic markers on Day 7. By Day 14, combined treatment with AFS and 142 mJ/cm² PBM significantly upregulated ALP, COL1, RUNX2, OCN, and RANKL, and enhanced matrix mineralization. In vivo, 8-week constructs pretreated with PBM and AFS showed organized architecture and early mineralization. These findings support PBM-AFS synergy, potentially involving TGF-β1 signaling, as a promising xeno-free approach for bone and dental tissue regeneration.