Beyond the green glow: an integrated review of the dark side of green human resource management

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the underexplored “dark side” of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) – the integration of environmental sustainability into HR policies – by synthesising evidence on its unintended negative consequences. While GHRM is praised for improving performance, engagement and pro-environmental behaviours, this research reveals it can also produce adverse effects that remain scattered and underexamined. Design/methodology/approach An integrative literature review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-guided methods to identify and analyse 39 Scopus-indexed studies (2010–2025) addressing negative or paradoxical GHRM outcomes. Thematic analysis was applied, drawing on organisational justice, conservation of resources and paradox theory to explain underlying mechanisms. Findings Four recurring adverse effects emerged: greenwashing and perceived hypocrisy; employee strain and burnout; cynicism, withdrawal and counterproductive behaviours; and paradoxical outcomes undermining intended benefits. These outcomes often arise from perceived inauthenticity, excessive workload and tension between environmental and employee well-being goals. A conceptual framework illustrates how GHRM can backfire under certain conditions. Research limitations/implications This paper is limited to English-language, Scopus-indexed journal articles, potentially excluding relevant non-indexed or non-English studies. The findings of this study highlight the need for research on boundary conditions (e.g. leadership style, culture and individual differences), longitudinal effects and strategies to mitigate negative impacts. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first systematic integrative review to consolidate evidence on GHRM’s unintended consequences. By balancing the dominant positive narrative with evidence of risks, this study advances theory and offers practical guidance for designing authentic, supportive GHRM initiatives that achieve environmental goals without compromising employee trust or well-being.