Negative learning behavior in small private online courses (SPOCs): findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA
Different from previous mainstream studies, this paper takes the unique perspective of students' negative learning behaviors to approach the issue, and adds to the body of knowledge on SPOC education. This study also employs fsQCA technology in conjunction with SEM to improve the realism of the results and address the limitations of earlier research.
Authors
- Xian Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5017-0356)
- Zhisen Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7865-765X)
- Liyan Chang
- Jing Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-2171)
Institutions
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CN)
- Yancheng Teachers University (CN)
- Southeast University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Published
- 2025-12-17
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1634957
- Primary Topic
- Online Learning and Analytics
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Social Science Fund of China