Primary hepatic osteosarcoma: a case report and literature review

With a median age upon presentation of 61 years, PHO primarily affects men. It is identified radiologically by cystic-solid tumors, sometimes accompanied by calcifications, which facilitates early radiological detection. The literature analysis and our case report point to TP53 mutations and aberrant SATB2 expression as possible genetic markers that could close the diagnostic gap for this uncommon and frequently misdiagnosed illness. Preliminary findings indicate that multimodal therapies-surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy-hold promise for improving patient survival despite PHO's high malignancy and poor prognosis.