Response of gamma rays on flower quality, vase life and morphological changes in gladiolus

The study investigated the response of gamma rays on flower quality, vase life and morphological changes in gladiolus. Five cultivars American Beauty, Dull Queen, Saffron, Candyman and Summer Sunshine were exposed to varying gamma ray doses (0, 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55 Gy) using a ^60Co source in a factorial randomized block design. The results revealed a dose-dependent response, where low to moderate doses (15–35 Gy) enhanced key parameters such as spike length, rachis length, blooming period, vase life and water uptake, whereas higher doses (≥45 Gy) induced physiological inhibition and morphological abnormalities. The 15 Gy dose produced the longest (≈73.95 cm), an extended blooming period and maximum vase life, whereas 55 Gy led to stunted spikes, reduced longevity and increased floral deformities. Varietal variation was evident, with Candyman and Saffron showing superior tolerance and responsiveness to irradiation. Several stable floral mutants were also isolated, including pink and light-pink variants of Candyman and yellowish-green and pale-yellow mutants of Summer Sunshine, confirming the mutagenic potential of gamma rays generating novel ornamental types. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that controlled gamma irradiation, particularly at 15-35 Gy, is an effective tool for inducing useful variability and enhancing the aesthetic and commercial value of gladiolus cultivars.