The Influence of Sleep and Diet on Human Peripheral Immunity and Chronic Health Conditions

Exposures that disrupt the immune system can affect human health. This study aimed to understand immune variability influenced by exposures from the perspectives of systems biology and multiomics. We recruited 1,001 healthy participants and collected 183 exposures, 1,332 immunophenotypes, whole blood transcriptome, and plasma metabolome. Through exposure-immune wide association analysis, we identified 81 significant signals, with sleep and diet emerging as dominant exposures affecting the immunity. Sleep and diet influence the proportions of innate immune cells and the expression levels of immune cell surface proteins such as CD85j and CD16, respectively. Notably, distinct from the increase in interleukin-1β secretion caused by short-term late sleep onset, long-term late sleep onset triggered chronic inflammation with more metabolic changes. On the basis of the intracorrelation structure of exposure data, composite exposures were constructed and were found to have additional effects on immunophenotypes. Bidirectional mediation analysis revealed that sleep effects on immunity are commonly linked to the transcriptome, whereas dietary influences on immunity are primarily associated with the metabolome. We quantified the mediation effects of exposures, omics, and immunophenotypes and further demonstrated that these effects reflect human immune health or chronic diseases. Our study drew a comprehensive map of "exposure-immunome-omics" and is expected to provide guidance for future health assessment and management.

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Publication Details

Journal
Research
Published
2025-12-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.34133/research.1081
Primary Topic
Sleep and related disorders
Type
article
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article

The Influence of Sleep and Diet on Human Peripheral Immunity and Chronic Health Conditions

Yingyu Cheng, Jingchun Luo, Helian Li, Xiaohang Zhao et al.
Research
Sleep and related disorders
article

The Influence of Sleep and Diet on Human Peripheral Immunity and Chronic Health Conditions

Yingyu Cheng, Jingchun Luo, Helian Li, Xiaohang Zhao, Jialin Zhao, Yiran Zhao, Wanwan Hou, Leming Shi, Qinsheng Chen, Mengmeng Kong, Xuling Han, Huiru Tang, Ying Yu, Jingxuan Han, Zhonghan Sun, Sijia Wang, Xiaofeng Wang, Qi Wang, Jin Li, Bingjie Li, Yan Zheng, Feng Qian, Xiaofeng Zhou, Jingxian Zhang, W Li, Jian Gao, Yali Luo, Siyu Zhou
article en

Abstract

Exposures that disrupt the immune system can affect human health. This study aimed to understand immune variability influenced by exposures from the perspectives of systems biology and multiomics. We recruited 1,001 healthy participants and collected 183 exposures, 1,332 immunophenotypes, whole blood transcriptome, and plasma metabolome. Through exposure-immune wide association analysis, we identified 81 significant signals, with sleep and diet emerging as dominant exposures affecting the immunity. Sleep and diet influence the proportions of innate immune cells and the expression levels of immune cell surface proteins such as CD85j and CD16, respectively. Notably, distinct from the increase in interleukin-1β secretion caused by short-term late sleep onset, long-term late sleep onset triggered chronic inflammation with more metabolic changes. On the basis of the intracorrelation structure of exposure data, composite exposures were constructed and were found to have additional effects on immunophenotypes. Bidirectional mediation analysis revealed that sleep effects on immunity are commonly linked to the transcriptome, whereas dietary influences on immunity are primarily associated with the metabolome. We quantified the mediation effects of exposures, omics, and immunophenotypes and further demonstrated that these effects reflect human immune health or chronic diseases. Our study drew a comprehensive map of "exposure-immunome-omics" and is expected to provide guidance for future health assessment and management.

ResearchVol. 9
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Fudan University (CN), Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (CN), Huadong Hospital (CN), Shanghai Institutes for International Studies (CN), YangPu Geriatric Hospital (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 56%
Sleep and related disorders
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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