Consumer health technology data in the German healthcare system: Stakeholder perspectives, ethical challenges, and governance pathways

The societal value of consumer health technology data depends on the governance conditions under which it is used. Independent infrastructures, reliable standards for data validity, and practices of solidarity are crucial for realizing benefits while addressing risks. Broader stakeholder involvement and more systematic evaluation will be necessary to strengthen future governance approaches. Besides this, we argue that ethical and societal concerns should not be treated as external constraints of innovation, but as constitutive dimensions of equitable and trustworthy digital health systems.