Beyond Decibels: Comparing Conventional and Full-Spectrum, Frequency-Based Noise Assessment for Healthier Urban Environments

Abstract Urban noise pollution is a growing concern in contemporary cities, with conventional sound level measurements often failing to accurately capture its spectral complexity. This paper emphasizes the necessity of full-spectrum acoustic measurements, as opposed to traditional dB(A) maximum or average values, which overlook the frequency-specific characteristics of noise sources. Through several case studies conducted in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, involving intersections, speed breakers, and varying urban morphologies, we demonstrate that noise pollution manifests with identifiable spectral patterns. Understanding these patterns is critical for implementing effective and frequency-specific noise mitigation solutions. By comparing standard methodologies with full-spectrum analyses, this study advocates for a paradigm shift in environmental acoustic monitoring practices and urban noise management strategies.