Ecological Landfills: Specialized Constructions for Sustainable Development

Abstract The quantities of waste, especially solid waste, have increased rapidly; the evolution of modern technologies and the accelerated growth of the world’s population have led to serious consequences regarding environmental pollution and the impact on natural geosystems. Industrial and household waste landfills are special constructions; they must be executed with respect for stability both during their use and after their closure. At a global level, waste management has an important effect on the pollution of air, soil and surface water, as well as groundwater. Waste landfills are special structures that differ in their construction materials, working technologies and the waste that is stored there. The execution and systematic operation of landfills, as well as the monitoring of their behavior over time, are regulated by national legislation that is updated in accordance with and in accordance with the environmental protection regulations of the European Union. In this regard, the purpose of our work is the general description of landfills; the presentation was made based on the bibliography with the example of the landfill built in the municipality of Oradea. According to the updated EU regulations, waste must be sorted, recovered and recycled where possible. Through national strategies, the quantity must be gradually reduced, decreasing the pressure on landfills. All EU countries must align themselves with the requirements and regulations in this field, strictly respecting the technical and environmental protection requirements.