A Brief Analysis of Scientific Socialism: A Textual Analysis Based on The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science

The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science (hereafter referred to as Development) is a classic work of scientific socialism written by Engels based on Anti-Dühring. Marx praised it as "the introduction to scientific socialism." The Development systematically traces the evolution of socialism from utopian to scientific thought, analyzes the theoretical contributions and shortcomings of utopian socialist doctrines, emphasizes the pivotal role of dialectical materialism, and identifies the "two great discoveries" that transformed socialism from utopia into science— —the materialist conception of history and the theory of surplus value. It dissects the fundamental contradictions of the capitalist mode of production, reveals the objective historical law of capitalism's inevitable replacement by socialism, identifies the forces and fundamental path of the proletarian revolution, and outlines the basic characteristics of the future society.