Traditional Chinese medicine for chronic fatigue syndrome: theoretical foundations, mechanisms, and clinical management approaches

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), a complex, debilitating disorder that significantly challenges global health systems, is characterized by unrelenting fatigue, cognitive disturbances, and a series of other symptoms that do not improve with rest. While the etiology of CFS remains unclear, emerging research underscores the involvement of neuroendocrine-immune network disruption, metabolic irregularities, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Current treatments for CFS range from pharmacological interventions, such as anti-depressant and immunosuppressant therapies, to non-pharmacological therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy and graded exercise, but these approaches often fall short in fully alleviating symptoms due to various side effects and limited efficacy. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with its unique therapeutic approach involving herbal medicines, acupuncture, and massage, presents a promising alternative by addressing underlying imbalances, enhancing quality of life, and potentially mitigating fatigue symptoms. This review delves into the efficacy of TCM in managing CFS and the possible underlying mechanisms, highlights recent advancements, and advocates for rigorous clinical trials to help solidify its role in integrative healthcare. By bridging contemporary research with traditional modalities, this paper aims to expand the therapeutic strategies against CFS, offering new hope for comprehensive, effective management.