A Novel Design and Optimization of a Multi-Section Coupler for Microwave Radar Systems

This paper introduces a multi-section coupler designed using coupled-line structure to achieve optimal coupling characteristics, which is a critical aspect in high-frequency applications such as radar and microwave systems. The coupler's design incorporates a symmetric structure, chosen to enhance isolation and optimize performances. Operating at a frequency of 24 GHz, the proposed structure has a compact size and exceptional directivity, making it a more efficient alternative to conventional designs. The integration of multi-section coupled-line structures allows for better control over the coupling process, which is crucial for high-performance applications. The coupler is mounted on an RO4830 substrate, a material known for its suitability in microwave and RF circuits. The substrate has a thickness of 0.127 mm, a dielectric constant of 3.24, and a low loss tangent of 0.0033, ensuring minimal signal loss and maintaining the integrity of the transmitted signals. Simulations of the coupler's behavior were carried out using the Advanced Design System (ADS) solver.