Adjunct EF-M2 therapy improves clinical activity, steroid-sparing, and macrophage-linked biomarkers in feline chronic enteropathy: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial
Short-course adjunct EF-M2 achieved clinically meaningful improvement in disease activity, reduced steroid exposure, and improved pancreatitis-associated indicators in cats with CE. The coherent M2-leaning PD signature supports macrophage-programming as a biologically plausible mechanism. EF-M2 demonstrated favorable tolerability and represents a promising adjunctive option for triaditis-axis disease.
Authors
- Michael Johnson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9897-0835)
- D.А. Kudlаy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-4467)
- Evgeny Pokushalov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2560-5167)
- Richard Miller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4246-1333)
- A Shcherbakova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-8481)
- John Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3564-6052)
- Claire Garcia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5897-7980)
- Nikolai Revkov
Institutions
- Sechenov University (RU)
- Baltic International Academy (LV)
- Voronezh Research Institute Vega (RU)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Veterinary World
- Published
- 2025-12-14
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.3914-3928
- Primary Topic
- Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV
- American Medical Association Foundation