Acute styrene exposure induces hepatocellular injury and molecular stress responses in Oryzias celebensis: Evidence for a tropical sentinel species in ecotoxicological monitoring

Acute styrene exposure triggers coordinated hepatocellular injury and molecular stress responses in <i>O. celebensis</i> through activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-CYP1A1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathways. The strong correspondence between histopathological and transcriptional biomarkers demonstrates that this species is highly sensitive to styrene toxicity and suitable for ecotoxicological monitoring. Findings highlight the need for environmental surveillance of industrial pollutants in tropical freshwater systems.