Qualitative and Quantitative Composition of Essential Oil of Seeds Abies sibirica Ledeb. and Pinus sylvestris L. in the Komi Republic

Objective: The study aims to investigate the qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oils from the seeds of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica), as no previous publications exist regarding the essential oil composition of the seeds of this coniferous species. Methods: The essential oil composition was analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of essential oil was determined as a percentage of the absolute dry weight of the seeds. Results and Discussion: The yield of essential oil was found to be 4.3% of the absolute dry weight of the seeds. A total of 49 components were identified, making up 98.5% of the essential oil mass. Monoterpenes and their oxygen-containing derivatives were the major constituents, with the dominant components being α-pinene (36.7%), boronyl acetate (18%), β-pinene (11.1%), and camphene (10.9%). Sesquiterpenes accounted for 3.2%, while diterpenes made up 2.4% of the oil. Among the sesquiterpenes, bisabolol was the most prevalent (0.69%), and among the diterpenes, abietal was dominant (1.1%). Notably, a group of diterpenes was present in the essential oils of the seeds, in contrast to the essential oils of Siberian fir needles. Conclusions: The essential oil of Siberian fir seeds contains a diverse array of compounds, with monoterpenes as the major group. The presence of diterpenes in the seed oil, absent in the needle oil, is a significant finding, highlighting the unique chemical profile of Siberian fir seed essential oils.