The Study of Phenolic Compounds of Three Types of the Genus Tanacetum L. in the Conditions of the Bashkir Cisurals

Objective: The study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids) in three species of the Tanacetum genus—T. vulgare, T. balsamita, and T. balsamitoides—to explore their potential as sources of valuable biologically active substances. Methods: Flowers of three Tanacetum species—T. vulgare (wild species from the Ufa region) and two cultivated species (T. balsamita and T. balsamitoides)—were analyzed. Qualitative detection of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids was carried out using qualitative reactions and chromatographic analysis (thin-layer chromatography). Quantitative determination was performed using spectrophotometry with ethyl alcohol as the extractant for both flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids. Results and Discussion: The analysis revealed that T. vulgare (wild species) had the highest content of flavonoids (2.70 ± 0.10%) and hydroxycinnamic acids (3.05 ± 0.12%). T. balsamita and T. balsamitoides, cultivated species, had slightly lower contents of flavonoids (2.53 ± 0.12 and 2.14 ± 0.09%, respectively) and hydroxycinnamic acids (2.74 ± 0.11 and 2.38 ± 0.08%, respectively). Despite being slightly inferior to T. vulgare, these species still show potential for further study as sources of biologically active compounds. Conclusions: The study found that T. vulgare has a higher concentration of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids compared to T. balsamita and T. balsamitoides. However, the two latter species are promising for further research, as they could expand the raw material base of medicinal plant resources.