Exploring the Ayurvedic Diagnosis through Nidana Panchaka’s and the Role of Dhatvagnimandyata in the Pathophysiology of Hypothyroidism - A Comprehensive Review

Hypothyroidism is characterized by the deficiency of thyroid hormones and metabolic disturbances. It is one of the major lifestyle-related diseases globally; in India, its prevalence is 11%, and it affects one in ten adults. Objective:To explore the Ayurvedic diagnosis of hypothyroidism through the Nidana Panchaka (causative factors, premonitory symptoms, presenting features, pacifying factors, and pathogenesis) framework and examine the role of Dhatvagnimandyata (metabolic impairment) in its pathophysiology. Data Source:A comprehensive review of classical Ayurvedic texts and contemporary medical research databases was conducted. Sources included relevant studies, articles, and texts related to thyroid hormones and hypothyroidism, as well as Ayurvedic literature on thyroid dysfunction and Dhatvagnimandyata. Review Methods:The review involves the analysis of congregated literature with the focus on Nidana Panchaka and the concept of Dhatvagnimandyata. Results:Ayurvedic diagnosis through Nidana Panchaka reveals that hypothyroidism involves the derangement of Agni at all levels and the aggravation of Kapha and Vata doshas, with a simultaneous alleviation of Pitta. The concept of Dhatvagnimandyata has a key role in understanding the pathophysiology of hypothyroidism. The integration of Ayurvedic and biomedical perspectives for analyzing an Anukta Vyadhi provides a holistic understanding of the condition. Conclusion:Focusing on understanding the diseases with the help of the Nidana Panchaka framework and evaluating the status of Dosha, Dushya, Agni, and Srotas will help to plan a better treatment protocol. Thus, targeting the root cause of a disease will lead to successful treatment outcomes.