Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the vaginal microbiota in Bayelsa State, Nigeria: a pilot study

Background/Aims Vaginal microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining women's health and reproductive wellbeing. It is affected by hormonal changes, sexual activity and overall health. Lactobacillus species are typically dominant and help maintain a low pH to prevent infections. This study's aim was to investigate antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the vaginal microbiota of women at a hospital in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Methods High vaginal swab samples were taken from 55 randomly sampled women of reproductive age at Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital in Okolobiri, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The samples were analysed to identify bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Results Overall, 29.1% of isolates were Lactobacilli, with Staphylococcus aureus (20.0%), non-pathogenic staphylococci (23.6%), Gardnerella vaginalis (14.5%) and Escherichia coli (12.7%) also present. There were significant antibiotic resistance patterns, with Staph. aureus showing 100.00% resistance to Pefloxacin, Zinnacef, Amoxicillin, Rocephin and Streptomycin. G. vaginalis and E. coli also exhibited varied resistance profiles. Conclusions Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can disrupt the balance of the vaginal microbiome, increasing susceptibility to infection, the risk of other infections, pregnancy complications and public health concerns. High resistance rates make treatment of common vaginal infections more challenging, potentially leading to persistent and recurrent infections. Implications for practice This study emphasises the need for careful antibiotic use and improved antimicrobial stewardship in reproductive healthcare. Clinicians should perform microbial culture and sensitivity testing before prescribing antibiotics for vaginal infections to ensure effective treatment. Healthcare professionals should also advocate for public education on hygiene, safe sex and the dangers of self-medicating with antibiotics.