Recent Updates on Molecular and Physical Therapies for Organ Fibrosis

Organ fibrosis is a progressive and often irreversible pathological process characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, leading to tissue dysfunction and failure. Despite its significant impact on various organ systems, available antifibrotic therapies remain limited. This review focuses on novel therapeutic approaches to inhibit fibrosis and improve clinical outcomes. Current strategies include small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies targeting fibrosis mediators, gene therapies, and cell-based approaches, including mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. In addition, the development of innovative drug delivery systems and combination therapies involving pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs) opens new possibilities for increasing the precision and efficacy of treatment. In recent years, multiomic approaches have enabled a better understanding of fibrosis mechanisms, facilitating the personalization of therapy. The role of artificial intelligence in drug discovery has also increased, as exemplified by models that support the design of small-molecule inhibitors currently undergoing clinical evaluation. This review discusses key signaling pathways involved in fibrosis progression, such as TGF-β, p38 MAPK, and fibroblast activation, as well as novel therapeutic targets. Although clinical trial results indicate promising potential for new therapies, challenges remain in optimizing drug delivery, considering patient heterogeneity, and ensuring long-term safety. The future of fibrosis therapy relies on integrating precision medicine, combination therapies, and molecularly targeted strategies to inhibit or even reverse the fibrosis process. Further intensive interdisciplinary collaboration is required to successfully implement these innovative solutions in clinical practice.