Enzymes assembled pickering emulsion as self-cascade bioreactor to reprogram inflammatory microenvironment for gouty arthritis therapy

A single intra-articular injection of PEBR selectively reprogrammed synovial macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in an MSU-induced mouse GA model, markedly attenuating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and reversing pathological joint damage. Overall, by integrating targeted drug delivery, multi-enzyme catalysis, and immunomodulation into one modular platform, PEBR offers an elegant, adaptable, and clinically translatable strategy for precision therapy of GA.