Race, gender, and childhood adversity: gender-specific prevalence of ACE exposure among Black Americans

The observed gender differences in childhood adversity prevalence among Black adults likely reflect distinct social and structural risk factors. These differential ACE patterns suggest that pathways to toxic stress exposure may vary by gender within Black communities. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for developing targeted interventions and addressing the structural determinants that contribute to health inequities in communities disproportionately affected by childhood adversity.