Association between magnesium level and triglyceride-glucose index in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Triglyceride-glucose index (TyGI) is a novel biomarker for diagnostic and prognostic processes. TyGI, together with magnesium level and The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI; used to predict long-term survival), is associated with morbidity and mortality. As type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with hypomagnesaemia, magnesium may therefore be related to TyGI and CCI in patients with T2DM. To compare hypomagnesemia and normomagnesemia in terms of TyGI and CCI, and to investigate the correlation of magnesium with TyGI and CCI in patients with T2DM. T2DM patients (n=194) were divided into hypomagnesaemia (n=58) and normomagnesaemia (n=136) groups depending on serum magnesium level. TyGI was calculated with the formula, Ln[fasting triglyceride (mg/dL)×fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. TyGI, CCI, and laboratory parameters were compared between the groups. Correlation analysis was performed between magnesium and other parameters. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, BMI, T2DM duration, medication, comorbidities, or laboratory parameters (p>0.05). However, the hypomagnesaemia group had significantly increased TyGI (p=0.014) and CCI (p=0.044). There was also a significant negative correlation between magnesium and parameters including T2DM duration (r:-155; p=0.031), glucose (r:-214; p=0.003), HbA1c (r:-195; p=0.007), TyGI (r:-0.207; p=0.004), and CCI (r:-0.177; p=0.014). TyGI and CCI are increased in T2DM patients with hypomagnesaemia, and magnesium is associated with TyGI and CCI. These novel findings should be further investigated in future studies.