The Long-Term Impact of Childhood Nocturnal Enuresis on Overactive Bladder in Adulthood: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) and overactive bladder (OAB) are common conditions worldwide. NE primarily affects children, while OAB is more prevalent in adulthood; both share pathophysiological mechanisms. This study aimed to assess the impact of childhood NE on adult OAB to enhance diagnosis and treatment. Material and Methods: A total of 434 adults aged ≥18 years who visited a urology clinic between January 2023 and June 2024 were included. The OAB-validated 8 (OAB-V8) questionnaire assessed OAB symptoms. Participants were grouped into those with OAB symptoms (n=159) and those without (n=275). The relationship between childhood NE and OAB symptoms was analyzed. Results: NE history was reported by 32.5% of participants, and 36.6% exhibited OAB symptoms. Participants with childhood NE had significantly higher OABV8 scores (p=0.018), with moderate to severe symptoms being more prevalent (p<0.001). Among those with NE persisting beyond age 10, higher urgency (p=0.008), nocturia (p=0.008), and total OAB-V8 scores (p=0.018) were observed. Multivariate analysis identified NE as an independent risk factor for OAB (odds ratio: 2.087, p=0.003). Conclusion: Childhood NE significantly influences adult OAB development, indicating it is not merely a transient childhood issue but may have lasting bladder health impacts. Early recognition and management of NE could help prevent future bladder dysfunction.