The Impact of Patient-Controlled Analgesia Combined with Self-Management Training on Pain Modulation in Diabetic Patients with Chronic Knee Pain

This study developed a preliminary tool to evaluate self-management ability in chronic knee pain patients and investigated the effect of PCA combined with self-management training on pain relief. The results suggest that this combined intervention may effectively relieve pain, particularly in diabetic patients. Furthermore, high patient engagement and adherence indicate good acceptability of the combined PCA and self-management protocol.